Unit 1: Cognition
(Memory, Thinking and Language)
Textbook: Chapter 7
Overview:
In this unit, students learn how humans convert sensory input into kinds of information. They examine how humans learn, remember, and retrieve information. This part of the course also addresses problem-solving, language, and creativity.
2013 AP Psychology Course Description
Overview:
In this unit, students learn how humans convert sensory input into kinds of information. They examine how humans learn, remember, and retrieve information. This part of the course also addresses problem-solving, language, and creativity.
2013 AP Psychology Course Description
Information Processing Model
Long Term Memory
Memory
• Three 3 of memory
o 3 Processes- encode, store, retrieve
o 3 Types- sensory, short, longer;
o 3 kinds- implicit, episodic, semantic
• 2 Types of Sensory Memory - Iconic = eye conic or icon picture on your computer & Echoic = echo
• Serial Position Effect- you eat CEREAL in the beginning of the day at breakfast and at the end of the
day as a midnight snack- one tends to remember things only from the beginning and end of a list
• PORN= Proactive and your remember OLD and Retroactive and you remember NEW
• Antero= AFTER – no memories after injury
• Retro= BEFORE or those old songs and styles – no memories of the old
• BRAD (Pitt) is always interfering & forgetting – Why we forget
o B-Brain disease, R-Repression, A-Amnesia, D-Decay
• LTP = like packed snow trail to the shed
• Loci = location
• 3 processes like a computer- encode = type, storage = saving, retrieval = reopening
• Flashbulb memory -actual picture taken by camera. Detailed & includes objects in background not
focus of picture. Flashbulb memories capture not only significance of event, but also background info
like song being played at time or other people in the area.
• Phonemic or acoustic encoding is processing that involves focusing on how something sounds – think
of Phonemic as containing the word phone and acoustic as it relates to an acoustic guitar performance.
• The type of sensory memory that is a very brief (1/10 of a second) visual memory is called an iconic
memory which contains the word icon to remind you of a small picture.
• The type of sensory memory that is a very brief (3 or four seconds) auditory memory is called an echoic
memory which contains the word echo to remind you of hearing.
• Ebbinghaus: psychologist that did work on memory with nonsense syllables. EB ING HUS
• PIP – Procedural IMPLICIT Priming
• PCP – Procedural; Conditioned Responses; Priming – all types of implicit/non-declarative memory
Thinking and Language
• Think REPO, REpresentativeness heuristics and your PrOtotype … sounds like REPO.
• Functional Fixedness = MacGyver does not have this
• Anchoring Heuristic = set my anchor on the boat and you won’t move
• Three 3 of memory
o 3 Processes- encode, store, retrieve
o 3 Types- sensory, short, longer;
o 3 kinds- implicit, episodic, semantic
• 2 Types of Sensory Memory - Iconic = eye conic or icon picture on your computer & Echoic = echo
• Serial Position Effect- you eat CEREAL in the beginning of the day at breakfast and at the end of the
day as a midnight snack- one tends to remember things only from the beginning and end of a list
• PORN= Proactive and your remember OLD and Retroactive and you remember NEW
• Antero= AFTER – no memories after injury
• Retro= BEFORE or those old songs and styles – no memories of the old
• BRAD (Pitt) is always interfering & forgetting – Why we forget
o B-Brain disease, R-Repression, A-Amnesia, D-Decay
• LTP = like packed snow trail to the shed
• Loci = location
• 3 processes like a computer- encode = type, storage = saving, retrieval = reopening
• Flashbulb memory -actual picture taken by camera. Detailed & includes objects in background not
focus of picture. Flashbulb memories capture not only significance of event, but also background info
like song being played at time or other people in the area.
• Phonemic or acoustic encoding is processing that involves focusing on how something sounds – think
of Phonemic as containing the word phone and acoustic as it relates to an acoustic guitar performance.
• The type of sensory memory that is a very brief (1/10 of a second) visual memory is called an iconic
memory which contains the word icon to remind you of a small picture.
• The type of sensory memory that is a very brief (3 or four seconds) auditory memory is called an echoic
memory which contains the word echo to remind you of hearing.
• Ebbinghaus: psychologist that did work on memory with nonsense syllables. EB ING HUS
• PIP – Procedural IMPLICIT Priming
• PCP – Procedural; Conditioned Responses; Priming – all types of implicit/non-declarative memory
Thinking and Language
• Think REPO, REpresentativeness heuristics and your PrOtotype … sounds like REPO.
• Functional Fixedness = MacGyver does not have this
• Anchoring Heuristic = set my anchor on the boat and you won’t move
Article: Descendants of Holocaust Survivors Have Altered Stress Hormones
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